Assessment of CO₂ Emissions from Solid Waste at Kebon Kongok Landfill Using Warm Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22452/Keywords:
Solid waste management, greenhouse gas emissions, recycling activities, energy consumption, waste reduction modelAbstract
The impact of climate change is interrelated with greenhouse gas emissions. The pollutants from greenhouse gases come from carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane gases. Therefore, estimating the CO2 emission contributing to the greenhouse phenomenon’s hazardous environment is crucial. The Waste Reduction Model (WARM), created by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), provides high-level comparisons of potential greenhouse gas emissions reductions, energy savings, and economic impacts when considering different materials management practices. Materials management practices in WARM include source reduction, recycling, anaerobic digestion, combustion, composting, and landfilling. It can be noted that most landfill sites do not have materials recovery facilities for recycling purposes. Thus, it is crucial to estimate the potential impact of recycling efforts, as this could lead to a significant reduction in the amount of garbage going to landfills and limit CO2 emissions. This study examines the environmental and economic impacts of solid waste management practices at the Kebon Kongok Landfill in West Lombok, Indonesia, and the potential of adopting recycling activities. WARM can estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy consumption, and potential revenue from recycling activities in these two regions (Mataram and West Lombok). Raw data from the daily waste collection in the landfill from both sites were collected, and the amount was inserted into WARM. The results demonstrate the efficacy of recycling scenarios in reducing GHG emissions and conserving energy. It can be noted that Mataram's recycling efforts can result in a value of 1,149.45 MTCO2E reduction, which is more than double the 450.81 MTCO2E in West Lombok. Hence, the energy saving of 8183.95 MBTU for Mataram can be significantly achieved compared to West Lombok (3159.87 MBTU). The research highlights the economic benefits of recycling for both regions if the recycling effort is adopted on-site. In Mataram, recycling activities can yield a substantial revenue of USD 45.6494 from mixed paper alone. Meanwhile, mixed paper recycling in West Lombok can generate a significant income of USD 18.0139. These findings underscore the effectiveness of recycling initiatives in reducing GHG emissions, conserving energy, and generating economic value while emphasising the importance of tailored waste management strategies to address regional variations in waste composition and consumption patterns. Therefore, strong policymaking can be introduced to adapt recycling activities for income generation, thereby transforming waste into wealth in achieving a circular economy.
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